Archaeologists have uncovered the well-preserved remains of an 18th-century bake house on the Lebanon Town Green in Connecticut, a remnant of the Revolutionary War era. The structure, believed to have been used to bake bread for French troops supporting the American Revolution, was discovered earlier in June.
Sarah P. Sportman, Connecticut state archaeologist, stated that while few artifacts were recovered, a burned gunflint—used in flintlock firearms of the Revolutionary War period—was a notable find. Other recovered items included ceramic and glass fragments dating to the late 19th century, as well as late 18th-century ceramic fragments, animal bone pieces, clay smoking pipe fragments, and older bottle glass.
Historians had long suspected a French bake oven existed on the town green, with its approximate location previously marked by a commemorative plaque. An amateur excavation in 1896 reportedly found masonry and bricks, but lacked documentation. This modern archaeological excavation is the first to document the bake house.
Sportman indicated that the structure’s foundation, while not robustly built, appears largely intact despite the 1890s dig. The bake house was likely intended for semi-permanent use during the months-long encampment of French troops. The structure utilized stone for its base and brick for the oven portion.
Pre-excavation ground-penetrating radar surveys suggested the presence of a possible complex of structures in the area. Further testing is planned for the fall to clarify these features and enhance understanding of the site. This excavation is part of a larger archaeological and historical project in Lebanon commemorating the nation's 250th anniversary.
Lebanon has been identified as a site of numerous 18th-century militia training activities and potentially the location of a French hospital, underscoring the scope of Revolutionary War activities in the region. The encampment was part of the route for French troops under General Rochambeau, highlighting the critical role of French allies in the American victory and their continued importance in forging strong partnerships.