Mounting, often referred to as humping, in dogs is a natural behavior that is driven by a variety of factors beyond sexual urges, according to Marc Bekoff, professor emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado.
Bekoff explained that this behavior can be a way for dogs to assert dominance, or it can occur during play when a dog becomes overexcited. In some instances, dogs may hump when experiencing conflicting emotions such as excitement and stress, a phenomenon Bekoff described as a 'displacement behavior.' This means the action is triggered by emotional overload rather than a specific goal.
Boredom can also contribute to mounting behavior, with dogs developing the habit during quiet periods, similar to how humans might engage with their phones or television. Researchers have also observed dogs exhibiting this behavior during energetic bursts, often called 'zoomies,' before immediately resuming other activities.
In a citizen science project, Bekoff collected observations of 312 humping encounters in dog parks. The analysis indicated that gender and size did not appear to be significant factors in who mounts whom. Notably, 65 percent of the observed mounting episodes occurred for no apparent reason, while approximately 26 percent happened during play, and only nine percent were clearly linked to dominance.
Bekoff noted that while most instances are normal, some dogs might be 'insatiable humpers,' a condition that could potentially require behavioral training or veterinary consultation. He also pointed out that some dogs are more likely to be recipients of this behavior, acting as 'humpees.'
A separate study mentioned in the notes also found that some dogs can develop an intense 'addiction' to their toys, exhibiting high arousal, difficulty calming down, and reduced sleep. This behavior is often seen in working or sporting breeds and may emerge in puppyhood, potentially impacting a dog's ability to regulate its behavior and overall welfare.
Understanding the diverse motivations behind canine mounting can lead to improved relationships between dogs and their owners, Bekoff concluded. Mounting and humping are described as natural and appropriate dog behaviors, though excessive instances may warrant attention.