A baby elephant named Zaiya at Blackpool Zoo in Lancashire has been observed learning essential survival behaviors by watching and imitating her mother. The young calf was seen copying her mother as she used her trunk to throw sand over her body, a behavior known as "dusting."
This practice serves multiple purposes for elephants. It acts as a natural sunscreen, protecting their sensitive skin from harsh UV rays and preventing sunburn. The layer of sand or mud also deters biting insects, such as flies and mosquitoes, and parasites. Additionally, dusting helps elephants regulate their body temperature, keeping them cool in hot weather.
Photographer Alison Allen noted that the elephants were in a sand paddock when they began the behavior. She explained that the dry layer of sand traps a barrier against pests and also helps soothe existing insect bites. The grit aids in scrubbing off dead skin cells when the elephants rub against trees.
Elephants, despite their thick skin, are surprisingly susceptible to the sun's intensity. Sand and mud provide a crucial shield against harmful rays and sunburn. The behavior also assists in thermoregulation, helping their large bodies stay cool.
Allen observed Zaiya mastering the use of her trunk to throw sand, indicating she is learning these skills through observation and mimicry, a process sometimes referred to as alloparenting, where adult females share care and teach younger ones necessary skills.