The intricacies of forensic science, as detailed in Professor Dame Sue Black's book "An Expert Witness," illustrate the diminishing possibilities of getting away with murder. Black, an anatomist whose career has spanned war crime investigations in Kosovo and identifying victims of the 2004 Asian tsunami, emphasizes the scientific rigor that now underpins criminal investigations.
A historical case from 1912, involving the murder of Marie Latelle in Lyon, France, serves as an early example of forensic science triumphing over deception. Latelle's boyfriend, Emile Gourbin, initially presented an alibi corroborated by friends who claimed he was playing cards during the time of the murder. However, forensic analysis of scrapings from beneath Gourbin's fingernails revealed substances matching Latelle's custom-made makeup. This evidence, presented by Edmond Locard, often called the father of forensic science, led to Gourbin's confession. He had manipulated the perception of time and intoxicated his friends to create a false alibi.
Black's own approach in court is characterized by a grounded and jury-focused delivery. She reportedly removed her shoes before testifying to ensure her answers were directed towards the jury, rather than legal professionals. This contrasts with the overconfidence of Sir Bernard Spilsbury, an early 20th-century pathologist whose self-proclaimed certainty is now believed to have potentially contributed to miscarriages of justice.
The book, "An Expert Witness," covers a range of cases and scientific insights. It touches upon the conviction of Colin Pitchfork, a murderer and rapist caught through DNA profiling. Pitchfork had attempted to evade detection by having another person provide a blood sample, a deception that was ultimately revealed through a casual conversation.
Other fascinating details shared include the historical prevalence of arsenic as a poison in the 19th century, earning it the moniker 'the inheritance powder.' The book also delves into seemingly minor forensic markers, such as the average number of scars on male versus female hands (3.38 for men, 2.39 for women) and hair counts for different hair colors. Black also notes the observation that "blood is often not spread until the second blow."
Black's narrative style is noted for its likability and a vigilant approach to avoiding overstatement. She learned a valuable lesson about precise language when a defense attorney quipped, "Remind me not to take up an invitation to yours for dinner," after she mentioned that implements used to dismember a body could be found in most kitchens, including her own. This anecdote underscores the importance of accuracy and avoiding unnecessary implications in expert testimony.