Shark activity is increasing along U.S. coasts as the summer season progresses, with experts highlighting six key strategies for beachgoers to minimize the risk of shark bites. Increased white shark activity has been observed so far this year, with experts anticipating even more sharks off the Southern California coast by late summer and early fall.
While shark attacks are rare, experts emphasize the importance of awareness and preventative measures. Dr. Chris Lowe, a professor of marine biology at California State University, Long Beach, noted that white shark activity has been elevated. Wyatt Wernath, national spokesperson for the American Lifeguard Association, confirmed typical numbers for this time of year in Florida, though he mentioned a few minor incidents involving bites to the heel or toe.
Know Before You Go
Before visiting a beach, experts advise locating lifeguards and checking for any posted warnings about shark sightings or other hazards like rip currents and jellyfish. Understanding beach flag systems is crucial: red flags indicate a high hazard, yellow flags suggest caution, and green flags signify a low hazard. Combination red and blue flags specifically signal the presence of hazardous marine life, which can include sharks.
Observe Animal Activity
Unusual animal behavior in the water can be an indicator of nearby shark presence. Wernath suggests that if fish are causing the water to churn on the surface, it may indicate they are fleeing predators, and it's advisable to exit the water. Similarly, erratic diving by birds suggests they are feeding, which could mean sharks are present. Experts also recommend avoiding areas with dead marine life, as it can attract sharks. If a seal climbs onto a surfboard, it may be seeking refuge from a shark.
Stay Closer to Shore
While some minor bites occur in shallow waters, deeper ocean areas also pose risks. Species of sharks that may not be accustomed to human presence can be encountered further offshore, particularly as more people engage in activities like spear fishing and kayak fishing. Kayak anglers, especially those with legs in the water and potentially bleeding fish from their catch, may inadvertently attract sharks.
Avoid Peak Feeding Times and Swim in Groups
Dawn and dusk are considered prime feeding times for many shark species, increasing the likelihood of encounters. Experts also advise against wearing shiny jewelry, as it can resemble fish scales and attract sharks. Swimming in groups is statistically safer than swimming alone, as others can provide assistance if an incident occurs.
React Calmly and Assertively
During a close encounter, it's important to correctly identify the animal; fins from dolphins and stingrays can be mistaken for sharks. Sharks typically exhibit both dorsal and tail fins, with their tail fins moving in a sweeping motion, unlike the rolling motion of a dolphin or the gradual submersion of a submarine. If a shark is identified, calmly move away from it and exit the water. Splashing should be avoided as it can attract the shark. Maintaining eye contact with the shark and tracking its movements is recommended. If the shark approaches, slowly back away. If the shark persists, experts suggest a firm strike to the nose to deter it.
Respect Shark Behavior
Understanding and respecting sharks' natural behavior and habitat is key to coexistence. Experts note that sharks are intelligent hunters that assess prey carefully. The misconception that sharks are always aggressive toward humans is challenged by research indicating that, despite increased human and shark populations, shark bites have not risen proportionally. Dr. Lowe suggests that humans are generally not considered prey by sharks, as observed through drone data showing sharks frequently in proximity to people without interaction. Bites that do occur may be due to mistaken identity or a perceived threat, rather than hunger.