Yellow, puffy patches near the eyes, a deposit of cholesterol known as xanthelasma, may serve as a visible warning sign for an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, according to a study published in the journal Atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than a quarter of all deaths in 2023.

These fatty plaques, a condition known as atherosclerosis, can restrict blood flow and are responsible for most heart attacks and strokes. However, the buildup is often silent, with no symptoms appearing before a major medical event. The study aimed to evaluate the association between xanthelasma and major cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in a large population.

Researchers analyzed health data from 17,925 individuals diagnosed with xanthelasma. The findings indicated that while the percentage of those with the condition experiencing a heart attack or stroke was low, the risk for a cardiovascular event increased over time compared to those without the yellow growths. In the first year, 1% of individuals with xanthelasma experienced a heart attack, compared to 0.35% of those without the condition. Nearly 1% of people with xanthelasma suffered a stroke, and 0.6% had a transient ischemic attack (mini-stroke), while only 0.3% without the condition had a stroke and 0.19% had a mini-stroke.

Interestingly, the rates of cardiac events were similar between those with and without xanthelasma, even when high cholesterol levels were not a factor, suggesting that other elements may contribute to the elevated risk. The study authors noted that many patients with xanthelasma are initially seen by dermatologists for cosmetic reasons, potentially masking undiagnosed or uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors.

While these eyelid patches are not a direct cause of heart attacks or strokes, the researchers suggest that individuals with xanthelasma could benefit from early screening for heart health problems and potentially be prescribed lifestyle changes or treatments. Further research is needed to understand why individuals with these eyelid patches face a higher risk and to gain a better understanding of how these conditions develop.

Other unexpected signs of heart trouble can include tooth pain, sweating, fatigue, or a complete lack of symptoms.