Summer's heat and humidity, often associated with dry, flaky skin in winter, can paradoxically trigger or worsen eczema for many individuals. Dermatologists note that increased sweating, sun exposure, and common outdoor allergens during warmer months can irritate the skin and exacerbate eczema symptoms.
Eczema is a prevalent skin condition affecting over 31 million Americans, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Those with a family history of dermatitis, allergies, or asthma are at a higher risk. The condition typically manifests as dry, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin, which can become swollen or develop into rashes.
Understanding the Triggers
Dr. Elizabeth K. Hale, Chief Medical Advisor at Vacation, explains that individuals with eczema have a compromised skin barrier, making them more susceptible to irritants. "The salt in our sweat can sting already sensitive skin and trigger more itching," she stated. This itching can lead to scratching, which further damages the skin barrier and makes the flare-up more difficult to manage.
Furthermore, as the body works to cool itself, blood vessels dilate, increasing the movement of inflammatory cells, according to Dr. Sapna Palep, a board-certified dermatologist and co-founder of Journelle Skin. Other summer-specific factors like chlorine in pools, saltwater, increased pollen counts, and prolonged sun exposure can also contribute to skin inflammation.
Eczema can present differently depending on skin tone. For lighter skin tones, rashes may appear pink, red, or purple, while darker skin tones might see rashes that are purple, brown, or gray. Common areas for eczema to appear include the hands, feet, elbows, ankles, and knees.
Managing Eczema in Hot Weather
To mitigate eczema flare-ups during the summer, experts recommend a "less is more" approach. Hale advises using a rich, fragrance-free moisturizer or ointment to restore moisture and support the skin barrier. "During an active flare, what you leave out can be just as important as what you put on," she noted. Ingredients to avoid during flare-ups include fragrances, essential oils, and harsh exfoliating acids that can further irritate sensitive skin.
Proper cleansing and showering techniques are crucial. Hale suggests rinsing off sweat with cool or lukewarm water shortly after exercising or spending time outdoors, rather than allowing it to dry on the skin. "Keep showers short and avoid very hot water, which can further dry and irritate the skin," she added. After bathing, gently pat the skin dry and apply moisturizer while the skin is still slightly damp to lock in hydration.
Palep emphasized the importance of using fragrance-free body washes and moisturizers. Wearing loose, breathable clothing can also help reduce heat and friction against the skin. "Sun protection is still important for people with eczema, so the goal is to find a broad-spectrum sunscreen that does not irritate your skin," said Hale. Fragrance-free mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are often recommended. If a mineral sunscreen feels drying, applying a hydrating serum or moisturizer underneath can help.
While diet does not directly cause eczema, certain foods may influence flare-ups. Palep recommends limiting processed and sugary foods, as they can cause inflammation. A 2022 study indicated that 16% of individuals with eczema reported that sugar worsened their condition. Additionally, having eczema increases the risk of developing food allergies, particularly in children, with nearly 40% of children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis having IgE-mediated food allergies, according to 2019 data.
Products recommended by dermatologists for managing eczema include barrier-repairing moisturizers with ingredients like ceramides and hyaluronic acid, gentle cleansers, and soothing treatments containing colloidal oatmeal. Petrolatum-based products are also effective for locking in moisture and protecting the skin barrier.