A naturally occurring compound called spermidine, found in foods such as mushrooms, aged cheeses, and wheatgerm, is drawing increased attention from scientists for its potential health benefits, including support for heart health and cellular repair.
Spermidine, which has been available as an over-the-counter supplement for about a decade, is known for its role in autophagy, the body's cellular recycling system. This process is crucial for clearing out damaged cells and their components. As people age, autophagy becomes less efficient, leading to a buildup of cellular damage that can contribute to age-related conditions such as metabolic and liver diseases.
"Scientists believe maintaining healthy autophagy may help protect against age-related conditions including metabolic disease, liver disease and heart disease," explained Professor Arshad Rather, head of geriatric medicine at University College London Hospitals. "As we get older this process becomes less efficient, allowing damage to build up."
Early research, including laboratory studies and observations of dietary intake, suggests a link between higher spermidine consumption and improved health markers. For instance, one study published in the European Journal of Nutrition followed over 2,600 overweight or obese adults in Spain. Over a year, participants who increased their intake of spermidine-rich foods showed greater improvements in liver health, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels compared to those who consumed less. These individuals also experienced more significant reductions in body weight and markers of fatty liver disease.
In the UK, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a significant concern, affecting an estimated one in three adults and primarily driven by obesity. While the findings are promising, Professor Rather cautions that the study indicates an association rather than a direct cause-and-effect relationship, emphasizing the need for more clinical trials.
Beyond its potential impact on cellular health and metabolic processes, spermidine is also being explored for its role in weight management and skin health. Social media users interested in longevity and weight loss are sharing anecdotal evidence of spermidine's effects, with some claiming it helps control appetite and improve skin quality after significant weight loss.
Some studies suggest spermidine might mimic some biological processes activated during fasting, which can be beneficial for cellular recycling. Laboratory studies have also indicated that spermidine could increase the activity of genes involved in collagen and elastin production, potentially aiding in reducing loose skin after rapid weight loss, though evidence in humans is limited.
Leading nutritionist Gabriela Peacock suggests incorporating more spermidine-rich foods into the diet through simple changes, such as adding wheatgerm to yogurt or porridge, including lentils and chickpeas in meals, and regularly consuming mushrooms.
While research continues, spermidine remains an area of interest for its multifaceted potential contributions to health and well-being. Carol Vorderman, a television presenter, has publicly stated that she takes spermidine daily, believing it helps slow the ageing process.