New research suggests that lithium, a medication commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder and depression, could potentially combat dementia. The disease currently affects 982,000 people in the UK, with no known cure or preventative treatment.
Previous studies have indicated a link between lithium deficiency and cognitive impairment. A study published in the journal Nature found lower levels of lithium in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. In animal models, a lack of lithium has been observed to accelerate cognitive decline and the buildup of brain plaque, both characteristic of Alzheimer's.
In mice genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's, treatment with low-dose lithium improved memory performance and reduced indicators of brain damage. Researchers hypothesize that lithium may help protect brain cells crucial for memory and cognition, and preserve the connections between different brain regions.
These latest findings were detailed in a perspective article in Translational Psychiatry. The researchers argue that low-dose lithium merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic option for individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Dr. Richard Oakley, associate director of research and innovation at Alzheimer's Society, commented on the findings, stating that while the study adds to the discussion about lithium's potential role in Alzheimer's, it does not demonstrate that the medication can prevent or treat the disease. He noted that existing clinical trials in early-stage Alzheimer's patients have been small, and clear evidence of impact is currently lacking.
"There's no single approach that will tackle dementia and we should continue to explore all promising avenues," Oakley said. "The only way to know which potential treatments can make a meaningful difference to people's lives is through more research."