Older adults identified as "super movers"—those who walk at a significantly faster pace than their peers—were about half as likely to develop cognitive impairment, according to a study led by Stony Brook Medicine. The research evaluated the cognitive function of 4,000 adults aged 80 and over who participated in multiple aging and longevity studies over several years.
Among this group, 6% to 10% were classified as super movers, walking at speeds comparable to individuals three decades younger. These super movers were found to have approximately half the risk of cognitive decline compared to seniors with typical gait speed. The findings were published in the journal Neurology.
Dr. Joe Verghese, a neurologist at Stony Brook Medicine and lead study author, stated that the study reinforces the close connection between mobility and brain health. "This suggests that preserving mobility may be an important marker of healthy brain aging and resilience," he said.
Perhaps one of the most intriguing findings was that super movers maintained cognitive function despite having similar dementia-related brain changes as their slower-walking peers. Postmortem brain analysis revealed no difference in dementia-related pathologies between the two groups. This suggests that faster walkers may possess resilience mechanisms that help preserve brain function even in the presence of age-related changes, Verghese noted. Understanding these factors could lead to new strategies for promoting healthy brain aging.
However, the researchers cautioned that the observational nature of the study has limitations and does not prove that walking faster prevents dementia. Other factors, such as cardiovascular health, physical fitness, or genetics, may contribute to both faster walking and better cognitive outcomes. The study adds to growing evidence that physical activity benefits the brain.
"The broader message is that physical activity is important at any age," Verghese said. "Walking is an easy step-up point because you don't need any special equipment. You can do it inside or outdoors, and you can do it on a regular basis." He added that any activity is beneficial if done regularly and with the right intensity.
Instead of solely focusing on walking faster, the neurologist recommends that seniors prioritize maintaining mobility through regular physical activity, strength training, balance exercises, and good cardiovascular health. "Walking speed is best viewed as a marker of overall health, not a treatment," Verghese emphasized.
Public health guidelines from the CDC and U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, such as brisk walking. This can be achieved through 30-minute walks five days a week or shorter sessions spread throughout the day. Verghese advised individuals to exercise within their health limitations and consult a physician if they have medical concerns before starting a new exercise regimen. He also suggested that adding strength and balance training is important at any age.