Skin cancer cases are reaching record levels in both the UK and the US, with experts attributing the rise partly to an aging population and increased sun exposure, particularly during heatwaves. Melanoma, the deadliest form, is at an all-time high in the UK, with nearly 21,000 diagnoses annually, a number projected to climb significantly by 2040. In the US, skin cancer diagnoses outnumber all other cancers combined, with an estimated 5.4 million cases of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma treated each year.
Less Obvious Warning Signs
Dermatologists are urging the public to be aware of warning signs that are not typical moles. Dr. Christopher Rowland Payne, a consultant dermatologist, notes that while most melanomas appear as new or changing moles, some can present as pink, clear, or colorless lesions, known as amelanotic melanomas. These can be difficult to spot and may delay diagnosis, with potentially life-threatening consequences. He advises regular skin checks for any subtle changes.
A mole that shrinks or disappears can also be an overlooked warning sign. Early detection of melanoma is crucial, as it is almost always curable when caught early.
Scalp and Head Concerns
The scalp is particularly vulnerable and often overlooked when it comes to sun protection. Persistent tenderness, redness around the hairline, or even stubborn dandruff that doesn't improve could indicate a problem. While dandruff itself is not a sign of skin cancer, a persistently flaky patch, especially with discolouration or bleeding, warrants medical attention. Experts recommend applying sunscreen along the parting and wearing a hat to protect the scalp.
Dry, scaly patches of sun-damaged skin, known as solar keratoses, can also increase the risk of developing skin cancer. Doctors advise that older individuals, particularly bald men, should have scabs on their scalps checked by a physician, especially if they are itchy, bleeding, or sensitive.
Other Indicators to Monitor
Sunspots, while often benign, can sometimes signal lentigo maligna, a slow-growing melanoma, typically appearing as blotchy patches on the face, ears, or neck. Asymmetry or areas of darker pigment within lighter patches are cause for concern.
Black marks or bruising under the nail, though often harmless, could indicate acral melanoma, which can appear on hands and feet, including under nails. This form is more common in individuals of Black or Asian heritage and is often detected at later stages.
Eyelid cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, are relatively uncommon but can develop due to cumulative sun exposure. Warning signs on the eyelids can include smooth, shiny, waxy, firm, or red bumps, or flat, skin-colored lesions resembling scars. Sunglasses can help protect the eyelids from sun damage.
The Danger of Tanning
Experts emphasize that there is no such thing as a safe tan. Tanning is a response to UV exposure and indicates skin damage. Even individuals who tan easily are at risk. A pink undertone to the tan or dry skin after sun exposure can be signs of damage. One severe sunburn during childhood or adolescence can more than double the risk of developing melanoma later in life.
Prevention and Protection
To minimize risk, dermatologists recommend limiting direct sun exposure, especially during peak hours, wearing protective clothing, and applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and a four or five-star UVA rating. Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours and after swimming or sweating. Experts stress that it is never too late to start protecting one's skin.