Drinking coffee is associated with a significantly lower risk of developing liver cancer and dying from liver disease, according to a new study analyzing the habits of more than 350,000 adults. The findings indicate that consuming five or more cups of coffee daily could reduce the risk of liver cancer by 50% compared to non-drinkers. Additionally, such consumption was linked to approximately a one-third reduction in the likelihood of developing cirrhosis, a severe form of liver damage.
The study, published in the journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, tracked coffee consumption habits over approximately 13 years. Researchers found that the protective effects on liver health were present even in individuals who drank decaffeinated coffee or added sweeteners to their beverage. Advanced MRI scans revealed that coffee drinkers had lower levels of liver fat, inflammation, and scarring-related biomarkers, alongside healthier liver protein profiles.
Even moderate coffee consumption, defined as one to two cups per day, was associated with a significantly lower risk of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality compared to not drinking coffee. The researchers suggest that promoting moderate, unsweetened coffee consumption could be a straightforward and scalable strategy for liver disease prevention, given coffee's accessibility, safety, and affordability.
Understanding Liver Disease
Liver cancer is the fastest-growing cause of cancer-related deaths in the United Kingdom, accounting for over 6,400 deaths annually, with heavy drinkers being most at risk. Cirrhosis is a precursor in many liver cancer cases. Liver disease itself is a significant health concern, being the second leading cause of premature death in working-age individuals. While historically associated with alcohol consumption, cases among those who rarely or never drink alcohol have increased. This non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, driven by factors like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure, can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and cancer if left unchecked.
Previous Research and Health Advisories
This recent study builds upon previous findings. A 2025 study indicated that providing patients with cirrhosis about 400mg of caffeine daily, equivalent to roughly four cups of coffee, improved their liver function. An older review by the British Liver Trust also suggested that regular, moderate coffee intake, whether caffeinated or decaffeinated, might help prevent liver cancer.
Experts theorize that coffee's protective effects may stem from its rich combination of bioactive compounds and antioxidants, which could possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, health guidelines recommend limiting intake. The NHS advises against consuming more than four cups of coffee per day due to potential increases in blood pressure. Pregnant women are advised to limit caffeine intake to 200mg per day to minimize miscarriage risk.
In contrast, sugar-sweetened beverages have been linked to increased liver cancer risk, with some research suggesting a 15% rise in risk for certain liver cancers for each additional daily sugar-sweetened drink. The study acknowledged potential bias in self-reported coffee consumption, as individuals may not accurately recall their intake quantities.