France's government collapsed Monday after lawmakers voted no confidence in Prime Minister François Bayrou over his proposed austerity budget, setting off political turmoil and raising fears of widespread disruption when unions stage a national strike this week.

Members of the National Assembly voted 364 to 194 to reject Bayrou's government, which the presidency said President Emmanuel Macron will formally accept the resignation of when he meets Bayrou on Tuesday. Bayrou, who had led the minority government for nine months, had called the confidence vote to try to win parliamentary backing for measures intended to reduce a budget shortfall and rein in mounting public debt.

The vote followed Bayrou’s plan to find about 44 billion euros in savings for next year as France contends with a deficit nearly double the European Union’s 3 percent ceiling and public debt equivalent to roughly 114 percent of gross domestic product. Bayrou warned lawmakers of a “high risk of disorder and chaos” if the budget was not supported, saying economic pressures left the country in a “terribly dangerous” period.

With parliamentary divisions deep and an election for Macron’s successor due in 2027, opposition leaders immediately intensified calls for greater political change. Far-right leader Marine Le Pen said the vote marked “the end of the agony of a phantom government” and urged snap parliamentary elections. Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of the hard-left France Unbowed, said Macron “must go.” National Assembly deputy Mathilde Panot said that Macron was being given two options: resign or face impeachment.

The political shock comes as labor unions have called a one-day national action on Wednesday under the banner Bloquons Tout, or “Let’s block everything,” that is expected to include workplace walkouts, business boycotts, sit-ins and street blockades. Organisers and union officials have said they expect large participation; some estimates cited in reporting put the number of participants in the tens of thousands.

Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau warned late Monday that the day of disruption could slip beyond normal protest and risk creating an “insurrectional climate.” Laurent Nuñez, head of the Paris Police Prefecture, told BFMTV-RMC he expected attempts at “sabotage” and major blockades of ring roads, oil depots, train stations and airports, and said police had “a number of fears” about how the disparate movement could coalesce. Authorities said some 80,000 officers would be deployed in an exceptional operation to manage the demonstrations.

Several rail unions, including SUD-Rail and CGT-Cheminots, have supported walkouts on September 10, and the aviation branch of the SUD union has called on its members to participate, raising the prospect of widespread rail disruption and flight cancellations or delays. Unions have also scheduled further demonstrations for September 18.

The next government will immediately face the same central challenge that toppled Bayrou: passing a budget to reduce the deficit while addressing social and economic strains. Securing majority support in a deeply fragmented National Assembly will be difficult, analysts and politicians say.

The upheaval at home comes as Macron has been prominent on the international stage, including efforts to marshal European approaches to Russia’s war in Ukraine. Polling cited after the vote showed a large portion of the French public dissatisfied with Macron’s leadership: an Odoxa-Backbone poll for Le Figaro reported 64 percent of respondents wanted Macron to resign rather than appoint a new prime minister, while an Ifop poll for Ouest-France put disapproval of his performance at 77 percent.

Macron is barred from seeking a third presidential term in 2027. In the short term, the presidency must decide on a successor to Bayrou and set out how it will deliver a budget that addresses the deficit and a public debt burden that officials have framed as unsustainable. The immediate focus for governments, unions and security services will be managing the planned strike actions and preventing violence or major disruption to transport and fuel supplies as the country heads into a period of heightened political uncertainty.