Voice Changes May Signal Increased Dementia Risk, Study Suggests

Subtle changes in an individual's voice, such as shifts in pitch, volume, or clarity, could be an early indicator of an increased risk for developing dementia or cognitive impairment, according to new research. The study, published in the Journal of Voice, examined over 800,000 participants aged 50 and older.

Researchers from Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia found that individuals diagnosed with a voice disorder but without hearing loss had a 58% higher likelihood of developing cognitive issues in the future. This risk increased significantly to 104% for those who had both a voice disorder and hearing loss.

Overall, participants with any voice disorder, with or without accompanying hearing loss, faced a 29% increased probability of developing dementia or cognitive impairment. Those with hearing loss alone showed a 27% greater risk.

"We found the strongest link with dementia among patients experiencing a voice disorder and hearing loss," said Robert Sataloff, a professor and chair at the Drexel University College of Medicine. He added that the risk was higher for those with a voice disorder and no hearing loss compared to individuals with only hearing loss.

Examples of voice disorders can include conditions such as laryngitis, vocal cord paralysis, vocal cord lesions, and spasmodic dysphonia. The study suggests that these vocal issues, along with hearing loss, may discourage individuals from participating in social activities. Social engagement is known to stimulate the brain and may play a role in warding off cognitive decline.

While the findings highlight a correlation, the researchers emphasized that a voice disorder does not guarantee future cognitive impairment or the onset of dementia or Alzheimer's disease. However, they noted that seeking treatment for voice disorders could also benefit a patient's brain health by potentially enabling greater participation in brain-supporting activities.