Life expectancy in the United States has reached a high of 79 years, marking a recovery after a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. This figure, however, still falls short of the life expectancy in comparable countries such as Japan (84 years) and Norway (82 years).
Doctors are increasingly focusing not only on lifespan, the total number of years a person lives, but also on healthspan, which refers to the years lived in good health, free from debilitating diseases and conditions.
Lifespan is a chronological measure, with current estimates suggesting the maximum human lifespan is around 116 to 117 years. Healthspan, conversely, centers on the quality of those years. Experts note that healthspan typically peaks in the mid-60s, leaving a significant portion of a person's lifespan with diminished health.
"By mid-60s, certainly early 70s, is where we see a lot more of the chronic conditions ... hypertension, arthritis, of course, we see more cancers as people get older, more heart attacks, more strokes," explained Dr. Ariela Orkaby, a geriatrician at Mass General Brigham. While chronic conditions become more prevalent with age, managing them effectively is key to maintaining independence and quality of life.
Experts agree that there is no single solution for extending healthspan or lifespan. Instead, consistent healthy habits form the foundation for aging well. The American Heart Association's "Life Essential 8" guidelines offer a comprehensive framework, including nutritious diet, regular exercise, not smoking, quality sleep, managing blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Beyond physical health, social connections and community engagement are highlighted as crucial pillars for longevity. Staying up-to-date with health screenings and working with a clinician focused on optimizing quality of life are also important.
Starting healthy habits earlier in life offers cumulative benefits, but it is never too late to begin. Even modest increases in activity, such as a 30-minute walk several times a week, can lead to significant reductions in health risks. Focusing on one aspect of healthy living, whether it's improving sleep or managing blood pressure, can make a substantial difference.