Britain is facing a substantial and growing financial strain due to providing round-the-clock, high-level security for its former Prime Ministers, according to a former head of Royal Protection. The situation is becoming unprecedented as the number of living ex-premiers increases.
Dai Davies, who led SO14 Royalty Protection Command, estimates the annual cost for protecting eight former prime ministers could be as high as £100 million. This figure does not include the generous six-figure stipends former leaders receive for expenses, officially known as the Public Duty Costs Allowance (PDCA). The Home Office has not disclosed the exact figures for these security costs.
Davies highlights that the complexity and manpower required for such protection are immense. Each former prime minister is entitled to lifelong, detailed security coverage, which necessitates a team of at least 12 specialist officers per individual to account for shifts, training, and leave. This level of security includes armed officers, armored vehicles designed to withstand modern threats like drone strikes, and reinforced homes with 'safe rooms'.
Growing Burden
The number of living former prime ministers has reached an unprecedented level. During the 20th century, there were typically no more than five former prime ministers alive simultaneously, and they were often elderly. Currently, there are eight, and this number is expected to rise to nine with the potential succession of Andy Burnham as Prime Minister.
This situation is contrasted with the security provided to the Royal Family. Only the King and Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales, and their children receive 24-hour state-funded protection. Other working royals, such as Princess Anne, receive taxpayer-funded security only when performing official duties.
Davies argues that while security for former prime ministers is justifiable when there are credible threats or after long service, it becomes questionable for those who served very brief tenures. He points to Liz Truss, who was Prime Minister for just 49 days, as an example where such extensive lifelong protection may be considered unjustifiable, especially given her age.
Rishi Sunak, who served for less than two years, is also entitled to round-the-clock security, as is Sir Keir Starmer, who would have served just over two years by the time he leaves office, according to the notes.
Significant Costs and Perks
The Public Duty Costs Allowance (PDCA), established when Margaret Thatcher left office, allows former prime ministers to claim up to £115,000 annually to cover office and secretarial costs related to their public life. In the past year, former prime ministers John Major, Tony Blair, and Boris Johnson claimed the full amount, while Theresa May and Gordon Brown claimed slightly less. Liz Truss and David Cameron claimed under £100,000, and Rishi Sunak did not claim from the fund.
Davies draws a parallel with Prince Harry's demand for publicly funded security after ceasing to be a working royal, which was denied. He suggests that given the increasing number of former prime ministers, a review of their security arrangements is warranted.
The logistical demands of protecting former prime ministers are extensive. Security teams must conduct reconnaissance for holidays, plan escape routes, ensure backup communications, and liaise with hospitals. Each visit abroad requires a detailed contingency plan.
The vehicles used are armored to near-battlefield standards, equipped with independent air supplies, fire extinguisher systems, and escape hatches. Homes are 'target hardened' with reinforced walls, windows, doors, and roofs, requiring ongoing technical support and maintenance.