Former President Donald Trump has seemingly reversed a nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia that was finalized by his administration just one day prior. Trump posted on his Truth Social platform that the deal is "totally subject to Saudi Arabia joining the very respected and successful Abraham Accords."
The Abraham Accords, brokered during Trump's previous term, are a series of agreements that normalized diplomatic relations between Israel and several Arab nations. This linkage implies that Saudi Arabia must formally recognize Israel to proceed with the nuclear deal, a step the Kingdom has historically linked to the establishment of a Palestinian state.
The 123 Agreement, formally concluded on Wednesday, would have allowed the United States to provide Saudi Arabia with nuclear fuel and equipment under safeguards designed to prevent the development of nuclear weapons. This type of agreement is a critical component of civilian nuclear power cooperation between nations.
The reasons behind Trump's intervention remain unclear, but several explanations are being considered. One possibility is that the deal was viewed as unfavorable on its merits, with critics arguing it offered Saudi Arabia significant concessions without adequate return, thereby diminishing U.S. leverage. Another theory suggests that allies in the Middle East, particularly Israel, may have voiced objections to a deal that could bring Saudi Arabia closer to nuclear capabilities.
The United Arab Emirates, which has its own stricter nuclear deal with the U.S. since 2009 and often competes with Saudi Arabia for regional influence, could also have expressed concerns. Additionally, potential bipartisan opposition in Congress, which must approve such agreements, might have played a role.
If the situation does not change, Trump's actions could be seen as undermining a deal already signed by his administration, potentially causing diplomatic repercussions and angering Saudi officials.