The Cromwells: Two Men Who Shaped British History

Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII's ruthless fixer, and his great-great-great-nephew Oliver, who led the New Model Army and became Lord Protector, are often confused but played pivotal roles in British history. Historian Miranda Malins' book, "The House of Cromwell," aims to illuminate how these two figures were products of a distinct family culture that led them to immense power and dramatic downfalls.

Thomas Cromwell began his rise from humble origins as a blacksmith's son. He gained valuable experience as a soldier-for-hire and clerk in Europe, teaching himself languages and law before returning to England to navigate the treacherous waters of Tudor court politics. His actions in the 1530s, including orchestrating England's break with the Pope, enabled Henry VIII to rule with autocratic power.

Oliver Cromwell, by contrast, emerged from the lower ranks of the landed gentry. Facing financial hardship after his father's death, he endured significant poverty before a fortunate inheritance allowed him to enter Parliament. He later proved to be a brilliant military strategist during the English Civil War, leading Parliamentarian forces to victory.

Both men were adept at building power bases through strategic placements of sons, nephews, and cousins in official positions. They also displayed a paternalistic approach, caring for extended family members and providing for those at risk of poverty. Thomas Cromwell's London home, Austin Friars, was a hub for young relatives whom he educated and helped secure advantageous marriages. Oliver Cromwell also gathered "waifs and strays" into his household.

Malins' work challenges certain historical perceptions. Thomas Cromwell, often portrayed as cold, suffered a severe nervous breakdown after the 'sweating sickness' claimed his wife and daughters. Oliver Cromwell, far from being a dour puritan, was depicted in a 1649 portrait wearing an ornate silver suit and was known to enjoy dancing.

The book details how Thomas's political maneuvering created enduring problems, culminating in his execution in 1540. A century later, Oliver Cromwell's challenge to Charles I's absolutist rule led to the English Civil War and the eventual execution of the king in 1649. Oliver died peacefully in 1658, only to be posthumously disgraced and decapitated two years later.

Malins' comparative approach allows for a fresh look at the parallels and echoes between the two Cromwells, linked by name and family ties, who profoundly altered the course of British history.