Social media platforms are seeing a rise in "tanmaxxers"—influencers who promote extreme tanning practices to young audiences, often encouraging the use of tanning oils and seeking high UV exposure without adequate sun protection. These creators, some of whom are teenagers themselves, are teaching followers to maximize their tan color while downplaying the associated health risks and spreading misinformation about sunscreen.
One 17-year-old influencer, who has amassed tens of thousands of followers on Instagram and TikTok, described tanning as a popular and confidence-boosting trend. While she stated she limits her sun exposure and emphasizes a "UV routine," she acknowledged that not all creators share her cautious approach. Some "tanmaxxers" advocate for laying out during peak UV hours for better tanning results, with one video gaining a million views featuring a teacher advising to go out when UV is highest.
Experts are warning that these trends can lead to significant skin damage. The concept of building a "base tan" or "solar callus" to protect against burning is described by dermatologists as a myth. Dr. Viktoryia Kazlouskaya, a board-certified dermatologist, stated this is "all fairy tales." Dr. Geeta Yadav, another board-certified dermatologist, explained that a tan is a sign of DNA damage, and any protective effect from melanin is minimal, offering only about SPF 3 to 5, which is insufficient for extended sun exposure.
Misinformation about sunscreen is also a prevalent issue, with many influencers labeling it as "toxic" or "cancerous." Dermatologists counter that the fear surrounding sunscreen is unfounded and that avoiding it leads to more sun damage. While chemical sunscreens contain ingredients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream, studies have not shown this absorption to be harmful, according to Yadav. She noted that oxybenzone is one ingredient that can be easily avoided if preferred, and mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are both safe and effective with minimal absorption. U.S. regulations treat sunscreens as over-the-counter medications, requiring rigorous testing and ensuring their safety.
Influencers often encourage the use of tanning oils and accelerators, sometimes admitting to skipping sun protection altogether. These products can magnify the sun's intensity, leading to faster tanning but also increasing the risk of burns and long-term damage. Some oils can cause phototoxicity, a reaction between the oil's components and the sun that can result in chemical burns. Tallow, another substance sometimes used, provides no real SPF and can clog pores. Experts note that these trends may be partly fueled by a post-COVID distrust in medical professionals and a desire for more "natural" solutions.
The practice of seeking out high UV index levels, sometimes described with captions like "This and a UV of 10," is particularly concerning. The World Health Organization's UV index recommends protection starting at UV 3 and avoiding outdoor exposure entirely above UV 8. Deliberately tanning during peak UV hours accelerates DNA damage, increasing the risk of skin cancer and premature skin aging, including wrinkles and pigmentation.
Dermatologists recall patients from earlier generations who engaged in similar tanning practices in their youth and now suffer from multiple skin cancers. They stress that safe sun practices, including consistent sunscreen use and limiting exposure during peak hours, are crucial for long-term skin health.