The number of red cards issued in the current World Cup has more than tripled compared to the previous two tournaments, according to a new study by scientists from Northeastern University. The analysis of match data revealed 13 red cards have been issued so far in the current tournament, a significant increase from the four red cards issued in both the 2018 and 2022 World Cups.
Researchers attribute the rise primarily to advancements in video assistant referee (VAR) technology. The study highlights that three red cards in the current tournament were initially flagged as yellow-card offenses but were upgraded to red after review of VAR footage. Examples include incidents involving players from Qatar, Iraq, and Senegal.
In contrast to the surge in red cards, the study found that yellow card issuances have decreased. The current tournament averages 2.52 yellow cards per game, down from 3.20 in 2018 and 3.50 in 2022. Scientists suggest this decrease, along with fewer fouls, may be due to new FIFA rules and regulations promoting safer and more ethical play, as well as allowing games to flow with fewer interruptions for minor infractions.
The study also noted instances where players received red cards for violating FIFA's new rule regarding player conduct towards opponents, specifically concerning covering their mouths when addressing officials. Two players were issued red cards for this infraction.
The research team examined red and yellow card data from the 2018, 2022, and the current World Cups to identify trends and potential causes for the observed disciplinary changes. The findings indicate a substantial shift in on-field disciplinary actions, with a notable increase in the most severe penalties.