Rates of rectal cancer deaths are increasing among adults under 50, particularly impacting millennials, with projections suggesting it could become the leading cause of cancer death in this age group by 2035 if current trends persist. Colorectal cancer, encompassing both colon and rectal cancers, is already the leading cause of cancer deaths in individuals under 50.
While similar to colon cancer, rectal cancer originates in the rectum, the final section of the large intestine before the anus. Doctors emphasize that any changes in gastrointestinal function should be investigated, with blood in the stool being a particularly concerning symptom. Other indicators can include changes in bowel habits, constipation, thinner stool, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and anemia.
Recent research indicates a significant rise in colorectal cancer rates among younger adults, a trend that began between 1950 and 1990 and has accelerated since. While overall numbers remain relatively low, the steep increase is prompting concern among medical professionals. The rate of rectal cancer is rising more rapidly than colon cancer, with younger generations showing higher incidence rates compared to older cohorts.
Experts are exploring various factors that may contribute to this trend. Obesity and diabetes are known risk factors for colorectal cancer, but many younger individuals diagnosed with the disease do not fall into these categories. A potential link is being investigated with the "Western diet," characterized by high animal fat, processed meats, refined grains, and sugar, alongside changes in the food landscape since the mid-20th century, including the rise of fast food and plastic packaging.
Changes in the gut microbiome, influenced by evolving dietary and exercise habits, are also being considered as possible contributors. However, the exact causes remain unclear.
To reduce the risk of rectal cancer, medical experts recommend regular screenings, starting at age 45 for those at average risk. Stool-based tests like Cologuard and fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are viable alternatives for those unable to undergo colonoscopies. Individuals with a first-degree family history of colon or rectal cancer may qualify for earlier screening.
Beyond screenings, lifestyle modifications are advised. Adopting a Mediterranean diet, rich in fiber and low in animal fats and red meat, is encouraged. Limiting sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol consumption, along with managing obesity and diabetes through lifestyle changes or medication, can also play a role. Some experts also suggest minimizing exposure to plastic food containers.
Establishing a relationship with a primary care physician is crucial for ongoing health management and early detection of potential issues. Doctors urge individuals not to ignore symptoms and to seek medical attention promptly. If symptoms are not taken seriously by a healthcare provider, patients are encouraged to advocate for further investigation.