Pope Leo XIV Diagnosed With Lung Adenocarcinoma

Pope Leo XIV has been diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, the most common form of lung cancer, and has had the lower section of his right lung removed.

The Vatican announced the diagnosis, specifying adenocarcinoma as a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. According to the Lung Cancer Foundation of America, adenocarcinomas can often be detected earlier than other lung cancers because they tend to develop on the outer surfaces of the lungs and grow more slowly.

While smoking remains the primary cause of lung cancer, individuals who have never smoked can also develop the disease. Other risk factors include exposure to radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, radiation, and certain metals, as noted by the American Cancer Society.

Symptoms of lung cancer typically do not manifest until the disease is advanced. These can include a persistent cough, chest pain, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and recurring pneumonia or bronchitis.

In some instances, lung cancer is discovered incidentally during imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, which reveal a nodule requiring further investigation. This early detection, sometimes before symptoms appear and potentially before the cancer has spread, is crucial. In the pope's case, a nodule was identified during a routine examination.

For individuals at high risk in the U.S., annual screening with a low-dose CT scan is recommended for those with a history of heavy smoking.

Surgery is the primary treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The removal of the pope's right lung lobe aims to ensure complete eradication of the cancerous tissue. The right lung consists of three lobes, while the left has two. Following the removal of a lobe, the remaining lung can gradually adapt and compensate, particularly in individuals who are otherwise healthy and physically active. Pope Leo XIV is known for his regular tennis and swimming activities.

If surgery is successful, it may be sufficient. However, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy may be employed if there are concerns about residual or spreading cancer.