Ophthalmologist Lists 7 Daily Habits That Can Harm Eye Health

Everyday habits, often overlooked, can significantly impact long-term eye health, potentially leading to conditions like cataracts and glaucoma developing earlier in life, according to Dr. Douglas Lazzaro, a professor of ophthalmology at NYU Langone Health.

While genetics and aging are primary factors in many eye diseases, Lazzaro highlighted seven common daily habits that may contribute to their progression and harm vision.

Sun Exposure

Failing to protect the eyes from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can lead to accelerated damage, potentially contributing to macular degeneration and the worsening of cataracts. Lazzaro noted that cataracts appear to be developing five to 10 years earlier than they did three decades ago, a trend he believes may be linked to increased UV exposure. He recommends wearing sunglasses in bright conditions to shield the eyes.

Reading in Poor Light

Reading in insufficient light can increase eye strain and make focusing more difficult, especially as people age. Older adults may find it harder to adjust to darker environments. Lazzaro advises increasing the lighting when reading if natural light is not adequate.

Diet and Hydration

A nutritious diet plays a role in eye health by reducing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both of which can affect vision. Lazzaro emphasized that poor dietary habits can negatively impact eye health similarly to how they affect cardiovascular health. Dehydration is also a concern, as it can exacerbate dry eye conditions by not keeping the cornea properly moisturized. He suggests staying hydrated, particularly on hot days.

Greek salad with grilled salmon fillet, garnished with feta cheese, tomatoes, cucumbers, and olives.

Sleep Quality

Inadequate sleep can lead to increased eye pressure and other related conditions. Lazzaro pointed to evidence suggesting that individuals with sleep apnea, a condition characterized by poor sleep, may experience higher rates of glaucoma and certain vascular eye issues, mirroring their increased cardiovascular risks. Fluctuations in circulation during sleep can affect eye health.

A young woman lying awake in bed at night, suffering from insomnia and a headache.

Eye Rubbing

Frequently rubbing the eyes is considered a risk factor for keratoconus, a condition where the cornea bulges into a cone shape. While experts debate whether rubbing directly causes the disease, repeated friction can alter the cornea's shape. Lazzaro strongly advises against this habit.

A man wearing glasses rubs his itchy, irritated eyes.

Routine Eye Exams

Delaying regular eye check-ups can be detrimental, especially since glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms. Comprehensive eye exams are crucial for early detection. Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can lead to blindness and may only be identified during an ophthalmologist's visit. Lazzaro recommends annual eye exams for adults, rather than waiting for vision changes, which commonly include presbyopia, the age-related loss of near-focusing ability.

An optometrist examining a smiling senior woman's eyes with a slit lamp during a consultation.

Annual visits should also screen for skin cancer and eyelid tumors, which become more common with age. Sun exposure can contribute to these cancers, but early diagnosis allows for local removal with minimal issues.