New research suggests that fathers, like new mothers, can experience postnatal depression, though the condition often presents differently and is less frequently diagnosed.
While postpartum depression is known to affect approximately one in seven new mothers, with symptoms including low mood, sleep disturbances, and difficulty bonding with the baby, experts state that fathers are also susceptible. A significant Swedish study analyzed over one million fathers and found that diagnoses of depression and stress-related disorders increased by about 30 percent toward the end of the first year after childbirth, compared to pre-pregnancy rates.
This suggests that the pressures of fatherhood may contribute to a decline in mental health over time, highlighting a potential gap in postnatal support for men. Researchers noted that fatherhood might initially be associated with a temporary reduction in psychiatric disorder diagnoses, followed by increased vulnerability later in the postpartum period, underscoring the need for ongoing paternal mental health surveillance.
Psychologist Brett A. Biller of Hackensack University Medical Center explained that the perinatal period involves significant changes for new fathers, including hormonal shifts such as decreased testosterone and increased estrogen and cortisol. These hormonal changes, while evolutionary mechanisms for offspring attachment, can also increase susceptibility to depression and anxiety. Lower testosterone levels have been linked to depression in some studies, while cortisol is the body's primary stress hormone.
Experts estimate that a father's risk of postpartum depression can rise to approximately 50 percent if his partner is also affected. However, it is believed that only about one in 10 cases are formally diagnosed, leading to concerns that many fathers suffer in silence.
Unlike mothers, whose symptoms might manifest as sadness and withdrawal, fathers may exhibit irritability, anger, aggression, or resort to alcohol and drug use. These symptoms can strain family relationships and potentially increase the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in children. Researchers also noted that fathers may avoid seeking help to avoid drawing attention away from their partner's needs, or they may minimize or internalize their symptoms.
Other indicators of postpartum depression in men can include social withdrawal, frequent headaches or stomach aches, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Biller suggested that paternal depression and anxiety may be more widespread than recognized due to reluctance or unawareness in reporting and seeking services for emotional symptoms.
For confidential support, individuals can contact Samaritans at 116 123, visit samaritans.org, or find resources at thecalmzone.net.