Rescuers in Nepal are racing against time to free hundreds of workers believed to be trapped in hydropower site tunnels submerged by mud following catastrophic flooding along the Nepal-China border. The disaster has already killed hundreds and left thousands missing.
Disaster experts emphasize that survival for those stranded depends heavily on access to essential resources like oxygen, food, and clean water. According to Jennifer Horney, a disaster epidemiologist at the University of Delaware, the first 72 hours are critical, as the chances of survival diminish significantly without safe drinking water. She noted that while emergency protocols might exist, the force of the flooding could have obscured tunnel exits, complicating rescue efforts.
Access to breathable air is another paramount concern. While some workers may have access to oxygen, concerns about suffocation grow as the duration of their entrapment increases. Geoscientist Jakob Steiner, based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, stated that the tunnels are large enough to accommodate vehicles and that efforts are underway to supply oxygen to those inside.
Beyond immediate physical needs, the mental toll of isolation is also a significant factor. Thomas Chandler, director of Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness, pointed to the need to assess for serious injuries and determine safe methods for delivering supplies during rescue operations. He recalled a 2023 incident in the Himalayas where 41 Indian workers were rescued after 17 days trapped in a tunnel, having been supplied with food, water, and oxygen through pipes.
The internal environment of the tunnels, such as heat and humidity, can accelerate dehydration. Experts also stress the importance of supportive care for rescued individuals, addressing both their physical and psychological recovery, as they may be severely weakened.