Millions of Cancer Cases Linked to Five Common Infections, Study Finds
A new study reveals that 12% of global cancer diagnoses in 2024 are attributable to infectious agents, highlighting the importance of infection control for prevention.
An estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2024, representing 12% of all new diagnoses, are linked to five common infectious diseases, according to a study published in The Lancet Oncology. The findings underscore the critical role of infection prevention and control measures, such as vaccination, screening, testing, and safe practices, in reducing cancer risk.
Key Infections and Cancer Links
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
The stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated with approximately 760,000 cancer cases annually, accounting for 4% of all new cancer diagnoses. This infection, which can cause inflammation and ulcers in the stomach lining, is highly prevalent globally and can damage cells over time, leading to stomach cancer. Researchers advise handwashing, safe food preparation, and completing prescribed antibiotics if infected to mitigate risk.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
H. pylori is linked to an estimated 750,000 new cancer cases globally. While most recognized for causing cervical cancer, HPV can also lead to cancers of the throat, anus, vulva, penis, and vagina. Transmitted through sexual contact and skin-to-skin contact, HPV-related cancers can be largely prevented by an effective vaccine recommended for children and young adults. Safe sex practices and routine screenings also play a role in prevention.
Hepatitis B
An estimated 360,000 new cancer cases, or 2%, are attributed to the liver infection Hepatitis B. While acute infections are often short-lived, chronic Hepatitis B can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccination is highly effective and recommended for infants, children, and at-risk adults. Condom use also helps reduce transmission.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), the primary cause of mononucleosis, is linked to approximately 260,000 cancer cases annually, representing 1% of the total. EBV can increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma, and stomach cancer. Transmission occurs through bodily fluids, primarily saliva, making avoidance of sharing personal items and close contact with infected individuals important.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C accounts for about 160,000 cancer cases annually, less than 1% of the total. This virus, transmitted through infected blood, can cause significant liver damage and lead to cancer. While there is no vaccine, Hepatitis C is curable with medication. Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, ensuring sterile conditions for body piercings and tattoos, and avoiding the use of injection drugs.
The study's authors emphasized that infection control strategies are vital for cancer prevention. These include widespread vaccination programs, accessible screening and testing, prompt treatment, and education on safe practices related to injections and sexual activity.