Historian Argues Bunkers and Estates Qualify as Castles

A broad interpretation of what constitutes a castle is presented in historian Dan Jones's new book, "Castles: A Fortified History of the World." The book includes everything from ancient walled cities and royal residences to modern underground shelters and expansive private compounds.

Jones argues that structures like an ammunition bunker in South Dakota, advertised for "glamping," can be considered castles alongside traditional fortresses like Germany's Neuschwanstein Castle or the Tower of London. He posits that castles are not defined by a single architectural checklist but by their multifaceted roles of safety, status, and luxury, often achieved through strong defenses.

"Safety, status, and luxury are things that can best be enjoyed from behind strong defenses in secure locations," Jones writes. "Protecting one’s person, family, and property is the starting point of projecting power."

Historically, the concept of a castle has evolved. George Washington Vanderbilt II's Biltmore estate in North Carolina, inspired by French chateaux, featured grand halls and extensive libraries but lacked defensive features, embodying a dynastic seat for a new era of wealth. Similarly, hotelier George Boldt's Heart Island residence and actor William Gillette's Connecticut castle, equipped with secret passageways, reflect a trend towards elaborate, though not always militarily functional, fortified residences.

William Randolph Hearst's San Simeon estate in California also incorporated European elements, with imported ceilings and doors, aiming for a fairy-tale aesthetic. At Disneyland, Sleeping Beauty Castle transformed the European fantasy into a commercial attraction where imagination superseded practical function.

In contemporary times, the idea of fortified living persists, often catering to extreme wealth. Mark Zuckerberg's Koolau Ranch on Kauai, Hawaii, includes plans for extensive living spaces, an underground shelter, blast-resistant doors, and independent utilities, reflecting a modern approach to security and self-sufficiency. Plans for this estate have expanded significantly since initial reports.

Meanwhile, in New Zealand, billionaire Peter Thiel's proposal for a large luxury lodge faced opposition due to its potential impact on the landscape, highlighting the challenges of integrating massive structures into protected environments.

Jones also notes the emergence of fortified compounds marketed to a broader, though still affluent, segment of the population. The Vivos xPoint facility in South Dakota, a former Army munitions depot, offers bunkers for sale, with options to outfit them as comfortable living spaces. These modern shelters often include independent power and water supplies, medical facilities, and even detention areas, reflecting concerns about societal collapse or other apocalyptic scenarios.

"What sort of world would be left for the inhabitants of such a fortress to rule over, should such a war break out?" Jones questions, pointing to the uncertain future envisioned by those who prepare for such eventualities.