Health officials are investigating a cluster of flea-borne typhus cases in the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles, as infections continue to rise countywide. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health has identified five symptomatic cases linked to the outbreak this year, all of which resulted in hospitalization. The individuals have since recovered.
Flea-borne typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted through infected fleas. Transmission typically occurs when flea feces containing the bacteria enter the body through skin abrasions or are rubbed into the eyes. The severity of the illness is a concern, with nearly 90% of diagnosed cases in 2025 requiring hospitalization.
Los Angeles County has seen a steady increase in typhus cases since 2010. In 2025, the county recorded a record 220 cases, an increase from 187 cases in 2024. Affected individuals ranged in age from 1 to 85.
Symptoms, which usually appear one to two weeks after infection, include fever, headache, rash, and body aches. Anyone experiencing these symptoms is advised to seek immediate medical attention.
"As flea-borne typhus cases continue to increase across Los Angeles County, preventing exposure to infected fleas is more important than ever," said Muntu Davis, MD, MPH, Los Angeles County Health Officer. "Community members can help protect themselves and their neighbors by keeping pets on flea control year-round, avoiding stray animals, and making sure wildlife cannot live in or around their homes."
Exposure often occurs in or around the home when pets or other animals carry infected fleas indoors. In Los Angeles County, rats, free-roaming cats, and opossums are common carriers. Infected animals may not show signs of illness, potentially leading to unawareness of the risk. Flea-borne typhus is not contagious from person to person.
Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can effectively manage flea-borne typhus. The Department of Public Health recommends preventative measures such as year-round flea control for pets, keeping pets indoors, avoiding wild or stray animals, maintaining yards free of debris and trash, and reporting concerns to animal control.