Eye Doctor Warns of 7 Everyday Habits Damaging Vision

Seven common daily habits could be silently contributing to accelerated eye aging and vision loss, according to Dr. Douglas Lazzaro, a professor of ophthalmology at NYU Langone Health. While genetics and age are significant factors in conditions like glaucoma and cataracts, Lazzaro suggests that modifying everyday behaviors may help slow the progression of these and other eye ailments.

Sun Exposure

One of the most significant daily mistakes is failing to protect the eyes from the sun. While sunlight is beneficial for overall health, prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure can contribute to conditions like macular degeneration and the progression of cataracts. Lazzaro noted that cataracts appear to be developing five to 10 years earlier than they did three decades ago, a trend he links to increased UV exposure. He recommends wearing sunglasses in bright conditions to shield the eyes, including the lens and retina.

Reading in Poor Light

Reading in insufficient light can lead to increased eye strain and make focusing more challenging, particularly as individuals age. Lazzaro explained that older adults may struggle more with adjusting to lower light levels. He advises increasing lighting when reading if natural light is inadequate.

Diet and Hydration

A nutritious diet plays a role in eye health by helping to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both of which can negatively impact vision. High cholesterol and blood pressure can worsen diabetic eye disease, even if individuals are unaware of their effects on sight. Lazzaro also emphasized the importance of staying hydrated, as dehydration can exacerbate dry eye conditions by affecting tear production and cornea moisture.

Sleep and Eye Rubbing

Inadequate sleep, especially for individuals with sleep apnea, is linked to increased eye pressure and a higher incidence of certain vascular eye conditions. Lazzaro noted that poor sleep can cause fluctuations in circulation at night, potentially affecting the eyes. Furthermore, he strongly advises against rubbing the eyes, as it is considered a risk factor for keratoconus, a condition where the cornea develops a cone shape, potentially altering its structure.

Routine Eye Exams

Delaying routine eye doctor visits can be detrimental, particularly because glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms. Lazzaro described glaucoma as a "silent thief of sight" that can lead to blindness. Comprehensive eye exams are often the only way to detect it early. He recommends annual eye exams for adults, not just when age-related vision changes become apparent, such as presbyopia, which commonly affects near vision in middle age. Regular exams also help in the early detection of eyelid tumors and skin cancers, which can be exacerbated by sun exposure.