Sparkling water, a beverage that can range from a simple refreshment to a complex sensory experience, is categorized into four distinct types, according to a group of water sommeliers. These experts emphasize that not all bubbly drinks are created equal, with some common grocery store options being less than pure.

Types of Sparkling Water

Water sommeliers define four main categories: seltzer water, soda water, sparkling spring water, and natural sparkling mineral water.

Seltzer water is characterized as plain water with added carbonation. Milin Patel, a water sommelier with over two decades of experience, described it as typically made from filtered or treated water with added carbon dioxide, aiming for a clean, crisp, and refreshing taste without significant natural mineral content.

Soda water, while also containing added carbonation, is distinguished by the inclusion of sodium. This slight saltiness, according to sommelier Martin Riese, is intended to balance sweeter flavors often found in cocktails.

Sparkling spring water originates from a natural spring source, with carbonation added post-collection. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines natural spring water as water sourced from a spring or borehole that accesses an underground formation feeding the spring.

The fourth category, natural sparkling mineral water, is particularly favored by sommeliers. Anistacia Barber, a water sommelier, explained that this type of water comes from protected underground springs or aquifers, naturally absorbing a unique blend of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and silica from the earth. Unlike sparkling spring water, the carbonation in natural sparkling mineral water occurs naturally. These waters are often more expensive due to their singular source and the specialized on-site bottling and global shipping required. In contrast, seltzer and soda water are typically less expensive because they utilize local tap water and are processed in regional plants.

Navigating Grocery Store Labels

Consumers can identify the type of sparkling water by checking the packaging. The FDA mandates that brands accurately label the type of water, such as spring water or mineral water. Transparency regarding the carbonation process is also required, indicating whether the water is naturally sparkling or has had carbonation added.

According to Riese, if a sparkling water contains calories or added flavorings, it is generally considered a soda, unless the flavorings are naturally derived from fruit.

What Constitutes Quality in Sparkling Water

The taste of sparkling water is influenced by its mineral composition, whether these minerals are naturally present or added during production. These minerals affect the mouthfeel, texture, and flavor.

While taste is subjective, sommeliers note potential health benefits associated with naturally carbonated mineral waters. Studies suggest that calcium in mineral water is bioavailable, offering a means of calcium intake for those who do not consume milk. Additionally, mineral water high in magnesium or sulfate has been found to aid digestion and alleviate constipation.

The mineral makeup significantly impacts flavor and texture. Calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfates can create a range of sensations, from soft and rounded to dry and mineralic, or even silky and smooth. Seltzer tends to be lighter and more neutral, whereas natural sparkling mineral water can offer more depth due to its mineral content.

Sommelier-Recommended Sparkling Waters

Despite the subjective nature of taste, sommeliers shared several preferred sparkling waters commonly found in grocery stores, focusing on unflavored options:

  • Gerolsteiner: This natural sparkling mineral water was frequently mentioned. Barber praised its rich mineral character, while Patel described it as having “real structure,” “weight,” and a “proper finish” due to its high mineral content from Germany's Volcanic Eifel region.
  • Topo Chico: Hailing from Mexico, this natural sparkling mineral water is noted for its distinctive, lively, and persistent carbonation, coupled with a mineral character that gives it a notable presence.
  • Polar seltzer: For those seeking a seltzer, Polar is recommended for its clean filtration, precise carbonation, and authentic flavor integration. It offers a clean, dry, and refreshing taste without attempting to mimic a soft drink, making it a good choice to pair with food due to its milder profile.
  • Adobe Mountain Sparkling Mineral Water: This private label option, available at Kroger for 89 cents, stands out for its unique mineral blend, dominated by natural magnesium. This high magnesium content contributes to a smooth, alkaline texture and a crisp finish.
  • Saratoga Sparkling Water: This sparkling spring water is described as having an elegant taste and refined appearance, suitable for those seeking a more sophisticated sparkling water experience.

Sommeliers encourage consumers to approach tasting sparkling water with curiosity, considering factors such as bubble texture, cleanliness of taste, naturalness of flavor, finish, and overall appeal. This approach can transform the experience from simple hydration to an appreciation of geology, chemistry, culture, and pleasure.