Cyclosporiasis, an illness characterized by severe diarrhea, has been reported in at least 17 states, though the actual number of cases may be higher due to underreporting and varying levels of public health surveillance.
The precise source of the current outbreaks remains unidentified. However, the parasite responsible, Cyclospora cayetanensis, has historically been associated with certain fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs, particularly during the summer months.
Experts note that the parasite is typically found in individuals who have consumed fruits and vegetables contaminated with human sewage. The fecal-oral route is the primary mode of transmission, and the illness does not spread from person to person.
While specific culprits for the current outbreak have not been confirmed, past outbreaks have been linked to produce such as raspberries, basil, parsley, cilantro, lettuce mixes, snow peas, and green onions. Experts caution that any fresh produce can potentially become contaminated.
"It has to do with how the produce is grown, but also the fact that we don’t cook it," stated Dr. Donald W. Schaffner, a distinguished professor at Rutgers University. He added that crops exposed to water, such as through irrigation, might carry a higher risk.
To mitigate the risk of infection, health officials strongly recommend thorough washing of all fresh fruits and vegetables under running water before consumption. "It’s a good general recommendation to wash carefully under running water any fruits or vegetables that you bring home from the grocery store," said Dr. Michael Cappello, a professor at the Yale School of Public Health. Plain cold water is sufficient, and specialized produce washes are not necessary.
For those concerned about contamination, maintaining good hygiene, including frequent hand washing, is paramount. While washing can reduce risk, it is not foolproof, especially for produce with intricate surfaces like raspberries, where the parasite can lodge in crevices.
Cooking produce is an effective method to eliminate foodborne pathogens, though this alters the product's nature. Despite the risks, health professionals encourage continued consumption of fresh produce due to its nutritional benefits. "I am not changing my consumption habits. There’s nothing I am doing in particular to avoid consuming certain food products," Schaffner commented.
Symptoms of cyclosporiasis include explosive diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, nausea, and stomach pain. Individuals experiencing severe symptoms, dehydration, or persistent nausea should seek medical attention.
Outbreaks like this highlight the importance of robust public health infrastructure for foodborne illness surveillance and response. "I think it’s important to advocate with our state and federal government to really sustain the kinds of food surveillance and foodborne illness surveillance programs that have been, for the most part, quite effective," Cappello urged.