The Bourbon virus, a rare tick-borne pathogen for which there is no vaccine or specific treatment, has been confirmed in New York for the first time, according to a recent study by Stony Brook Medicine. This marks the first documented case of the virus in the state, raising concerns among health experts about potential underdiagnosis.
The lone star tick, which transmits the Bourbon virus, is common in New York and other parts of the Northeast. Researchers believe that due to the virus's symptoms, which can mimic other tick-borne illnesses, and a lack of widespread familiarity with it among healthcare providers, additional cases may be going undiagnosed.
A patient from Long Island presented with severe symptoms, and subsequent testing confirmed an eight-fold rise in antibody titers for the Bourbon virus. The patient was hospitalized. This case, detailed in a news release from Stony Brook Medicine, highlights the need for increased surveillance and improved diagnostic capabilities.
Since Bourbon virus was first identified in Bourbon County, Kansas, in 2014, only six human cases have been reported. The first known patient, diagnosed in 2014, later died. Another death associated with the virus was reported in 2026. Health officials suspect that the actual number of infections may be higher.
Symptoms of Bourbon virus infection include fever, fatigue, rash, headache, body aches, and nausea. The absence of a commercially available diagnostic test complicates the identification process, leading to potential misdiagnoses. Luis Marcos, MD, a professor at Stony Brook Medicine and director of the Tick-borne Disease Clinic, stated that the virus is likely more prevalent than currently recognized.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the lone star tick is prevalent across the Northeast, South, and Midwest United States, with established populations in numerous states including New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Adult female lone star ticks are distinguished by a white mark on their backs. Both nymph and adult females are known to bite humans and transmit diseases.
To mitigate the risk of tick-borne illnesses, experts advise several preventive measures. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants tucked into socks or boots, can help prevent ticks from attaching to the skin. The application of insect repellent containing DEET or permethrin on clothing and gear, rather than directly on the skin, is also recommended. Avoiding overgrown areas and staying on well-traveled paths when outdoors can reduce exposure. After spending time outside, individuals should check themselves, their children, and pets for ticks and remove any found promptly. Seeking medical attention is advised if flu-like symptoms, fever, or rash develop following a tick bite.