Respiratory viruses are already on the rise as children return to school, bringing shared germs with them, according to physicians. These illnesses are spreading rapidly beyond schoolyards to families and communities across the United States.
Doctors are observing several viruses that are increasingly prevalent this fall season. Common colds, often caused by viruses like rhinovirus and parainfluenza, are typical during this time. These infections can cause symptoms such as cough, runny nose, congestion, sore throat, sneezing, and fever. Rhinovirus, the most frequent cause of the common cold, has been particularly noted, with children presenting with low-grade fevers, congestion, and cough.
Parainfluenza virus and adenovirus are also circulating. While parainfluenza typically causes mild upper respiratory infections, adenovirus can lead to cold symptoms or, in some cases, progress to pneumonia or gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea.
COVID-19 cases have also seen a notable increase. Physicians are observing a fall peak, with significant amounts of the virus present in some southeastern states and other parts of the U.S. Symptoms of COVID-19 often overlap with those of the common cold but can include higher fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is another prevalent illness. In children, it commonly presents with fussiness, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, and a rash appearing on the soles of the feet, palms, mouth, and diaper area. Adults can also contract the virus, experiencing cold-like symptoms or painful blisters on the hands, feet, and mouth.
Influenza cases are also emerging earlier than usual, with several pediatric centers on the West Coast reporting a surge in influenza A cases. While typically seen in October, these early sporadic cases are prompting increased testing. Flu symptoms often include fever, body aches, chills, loss of appetite, fatigue, and upper respiratory symptoms.
Strep throat is also spreading, particularly among school-aged children. Classic symptoms include a sore throat with red or white spots on the tonsils, fever, and painful lymph nodes. In younger children, it may manifest as fever and abdominal pain. Strep throat can infect adults as well and spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces.
To combat these illnesses, doctors emphasize consistent hand washing, vaccination, and masking. Frequent hand washing, especially after using the bathroom and before eating, is crucial. Avoiding touching the face is also recommended. Masks can help protect individuals from infections and contain germs expelled by sick individuals.
Healthy lifestyle habits, including adequate sleep, exercise, nutrition, and stress management, can bolster the immune system. Physicians stress that the responsibility also lies with individuals to stay home when sick, cover coughs, and wash hands to prevent germ transmission.
Vaccination remains a primary defense. Annual flu shots and updated COVID-19 vaccines are available and recommended for eligible individuals to prevent severe illness and hospitalization. These vaccines are available at pharmacies nationwide and are recommended for everyone 6 months and older for the flu, and for specific age groups and those with underlying conditions for COVID-19.
If individuals fall ill, staying home until recovery is essential. Symptoms like fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting warrant staying home from work and school. While many respiratory illnesses can be managed at home with rest and fluids, seeking medical attention is advised for severe symptoms such as dehydration, persistent coughing, or difficulty breathing. Testing for flu or COVID-19 can help identify infections for which specific treatments are available. Returning to normal activities too soon can prolong symptoms and potentially spread illness.