Australian authorities are reinforcing warnings for the public not to approach sick or dead animals as the nation grapples with an escalating avian influenza outbreak. The country has confirmed its first mass mortality event of the deadly H5 strain, with a significant number of greater crested terns at Baudin Rocks, South Australia, testing positive for the virus. Six additional cases were identified in Victoria, bringing the national total to 78.
Associate Professor Lara Herrero, an infectious disease specialist, noted that while human transmission of the H5 strain is rare, individuals in close contact with infected birds, such as poultry industry workers and wildlife carers, face the highest risk of infection. Transmission to humans typically occurs through airborne droplets or direct contact with bodily fluids from infected birds, followed by touching one's face.
While the Australian poultry industry has not yet reported cases, global losses are estimated at 140 million birds. Professor Herrero highlighted that H5 has entered livestock populations elsewhere, citing instances in the United States where dairy farmers contracted the virus after it entered the milk of infected cows.
Wildlife carers and veterinarians are also identified as high-risk groups and are advised to use personal protective equipment, including N95 masks and gloves, to prevent exposure to airborne droplets and bodily fluids. These precautions are similar to those recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Human infections with avian flu are uncommon, and symptoms typically resemble those of seasonal influenza, though they can be more severe. Professor Herrero mentioned that symptoms may include higher fevers, sore throats, significant headaches, and a stronger association with conjunctival and gastrointestinal issues.
Pet owners are also being cautioned to keep dogs under close supervision, particularly on beaches, to prevent them from interacting with sick or deceased birds. Owners whose dogs may have had close contact with an infected bird are advised to quarantine their pets. Individuals who find sick birds are urged not to touch them and to report suspected cases to the Emergency Animal Disease Hotline, providing details of the date, time, and location.