Early research suggests that GLP-1 medications, commonly used for weight loss and diabetes management, may also reduce the risk of individuals committing violent crimes. A study published in the journal Criminology found that the well-established connection between impulsivity and violent behavior was significantly weaker in current users of these drugs compared to former users.
The study, conducted by researchers at Rutgers University, analyzed data from a 2025 survey of 7,521 U.S. adults, including 821 individuals who had used GLP-1 medications. The findings indicated that the correlation between impulsivity and violent behavior was approximately 62% weaker among current GLP-1 users. The relationship between alcohol use and violent behavior was also found to be about 52% weaker in this group.
GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide (found in Wegovy and Ozempic), are known to mimic the GLP-1 hormone. This hormone acts on the brain's reward circuitry, influencing dopamine signaling and motivation. Previous research has indicated that semaglutide can affect addictive behaviors by blunting the rewarding effects of substances like alcohol, nicotine, and food, thereby mitigating cravings.
According to lead author Daniel Semenza, the study highlights that even when GLP-1 users experience impulsivity or consume alcohol, these situations are less likely to escalate into violent criminality. He stated, "As GLP-1 drugs become increasingly widespread, it is important to understand all of their potential behavioral effects, including those relevant to public safety."
Coauthor Christopher Thomas explained that the medications might function similarly to cognitive behavioral therapy, weakening the pathway from an impulse to an action rather than eliminating impulsivity itself. However, the researchers emphasize that because the study was observational, further research is necessary to confirm if GLP-1 drugs directly reduce violence and to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
These medications have previously been credited with benefits such as aiding weight loss, reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, and helping to manage "food noise." The potential impact on public safety adds another dimension to the growing understanding of GLP-1 drugs' effects.