Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can be harmful, necessitating protective measures, especially when UV levels are moderate to extremely high. While some UV exposure is beneficial for well-being, excessive amounts can lead to skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer.
The World Health Organization (WHO) advises that some sun protection is required when UV levels are medium (3-5) or high (6-7). Extra precautions are recommended when levels become very high (8-10) or extremely high (11+).
Children, being more sensitive to UV radiation than adults, require additional protection even at lower UV levels. The NHS recommends using sunscreen with an SPF factor of 30 or higher, offering at least a 4-star UVA protection. This sunscreen should be applied to all exposed skin, including the face, neck, ears, and scalp if hair is thinning or absent, ideally 30 minutes before sun exposure. For adults, a guideline suggests applying approximately six to eight teaspoons of sunscreen to cover the entire body. Reapplication is advised every two hours, or more frequently if sweating, after swimming, or after towel-drying.
In addition to sunscreen, the NHS suggests covering up with appropriate clothing and wearing sunglasses. Seeking shade during peak sun hours, typically between 11:00 and 15:00 from March to October in the UK, is also recommended.