A recent investigation by consumer watchdog group Consumer Reports (CR) has identified toxic chemicals in a wide range of popular at-home hair dye products, including substances classified as probable human carcinogens. The report tested 21 boxed hair dyes and two temporary hair chalk products sold nationwide.
Dichloromethane, a chemical classified as a probable human carcinogen based on animal studies, was detected in every single boxed hair dye tested. Short-term exposure to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), like dichloromethane, can cause headaches, nausea, and irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Long-term exposure has been linked to damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.
L’Oréal Paris Féria Downtown Brown was found to contain the highest levels of dichloromethane among the tested products. Two versions of Revlon ColorSilk dark brown dyes were found to have the second and third highest concentrations.
While regulations typically restrict the use of dichloromethane in cosmetics, exceptions exist for certain hair dye formulations, provided warning labels are present. A spokesperson for Revlon stated that the company "stands by the safety" of its products and is confident in those currently on the market. L’Oréal Paris did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Beyond dichloromethane, the CR report highlighted the presence of other concerning chemicals. Six products contained toluene, a solvent associated with respiratory irritation and nervous system toxicity. Four products included DEHP, a phthalate linked to various health issues such as heart disease, insulin resistance, reproductive problems, and early menopause.
One hair chalk product, marketed in part for children, tested positive for benzene, a known carcinogen linked to bone marrow cancers. Six of the tested products also contained chromium, which can cause severe allergic skin reactions, including itching, redness, and blistering. Four products had trace amounts of arsenic, a toxin associated with increased cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive harm, while two contained lead, which can lead to neurological damage, immune and kidney problems, and hypertension.
Industry groups, such as the Personal Care Products Council, maintain that hair dyes are extensively tested and considered safe. A spokesperson for the council stated that companies must substantiate the safety of their hair dye products and ensure accurate labeling. However, experts noted that not all ingredients, such as fragrance blends, are always disclosed on product labels due to proprietary formulas. Consumers are advised not to rely solely on claims like 'clean,' 'nontoxic,' or 'plant-based,' as these terms are not tightly regulated.