Summer colds are a reality, despite the common misconception that respiratory viruses only circulate in colder months. Experts say that symptoms like sneezing and sore throats during summer can easily be mistaken for hay fever, especially with high pollen counts, but may actually indicate a viral infection.
While hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen, a summer cold is a viral infection. A key indicator differentiating the two is a sore throat, often one of the first signs of a cold. Unlike hay fever, which can cause a cough, a persistent cough without other allergy symptoms like itchy eyes or throat likely points to a viral infection.
According to Dr. Olympia Tsilochristou, a Consultant Allergist, hay fever typically presents with clear, watery nasal discharge, repetitive sneezing fits, and itching of the eyes, nose, or palate. Colds, on the other hand, may produce thicker, discolored mucus as they progress, accompanied by an early sore throat and a general feeling of malaise. A mild fever or chills can also be a sign of a viral illness.
As a practical test, Tsilochristou suggests that if symptoms significantly improve within an hour or two of taking a non-sedating antihistamine, hay fever is the more probable cause. Other symptoms that may suggest a summer cold include fatigue, muscle aches, and a loss of taste or smell.
Professor Peter Openshaw, a specialist in respiratory infections, notes that summer colds will not respond to hay fever treatments. If symptoms worsen when outdoors, it's a strong indication of hay fever rather than a cold.
Colds can spread easily in summer due to increased social gatherings and the use of air conditioning, which can create environments where viruses thrive. Cold weather itself does not cause illness; viruses do, regardless of the season.
Treating a summer cold involves managing symptoms similar to any other viral infection. Experts recommend getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated by drinking sufficient fluids, which can help thin mucus and support the immune system. Warm beverages with honey and lemon can soothe a sore throat, while over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can manage aches and fevers. Decongestant nasal sprays may also help alleviate nasal congestion.
Individuals experiencing worsening symptoms should consult a doctor or pharmacist. It is important to remember that antibiotics are ineffective against viral colds.