An analysis of 30 Tesco own-brand fish, dairy, and meat products has detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as 'forever chemicals,' in every sample tested. Researchers from the campaign group Foodrise and the University of Birmingham conducted the study, which found these chemicals, linked to liver damage, immune system effects, and certain cancers, in items ranging from tinned tuna and sausages to milk and cheese. The findings have been described as 'alarming' by experts due to the pervasive presence of PFAS.
PFAS are a group of over 5,000 man-made chemicals that do not break down easily and can accumulate in the human body over time. They are found in a wide array of consumer products, including food packaging, clothing, and cookware. Their ability to persist in the environment and the body has led to concerns about long-term health consequences. Studies have associated PFAS exposure with pregnancy complications, liver damage, and an increased risk of cancers such as kidney and testicular cancer.
According to the study, the highest concentrations of PFAS were identified in Tesco's boneless cod fillets (1.198 ng/g), sardines in brine (1.192 ng/g), turkey sausages (0.899 ng/g), Kingsfood brand hotdogs in brine (0.838 ng/g), and smoked mackerel fillets (0.605 ng/g). Tesco's whole milk also showed a notable level at 0.564 ng/g.
Dr. Mohamed Abdallah, chair in environmental chemistry at the University of Birmingham, expressed concern that PFAS were detected in all food samples. Carina Millstone, executive director of Foodrise, stated that the findings were 'shocking' and urged Tesco to remove these chemicals from its products. She added that the widespread presence suggests that consumers, particularly those following dietary recommendations to eat fish regularly, are likely exposed to PFAS.
While the concentrations found are small, scientists emphasize the risk associated with the cumulative effect of these chemicals in the body. The European Food Safety Authority's guidelines suggest a tolerable weekly intake of certain PFAS for a 70kg adult is around 300 nanograms. However, some scientists argue that these limits may not adequately address the risks due to the chemicals' bioaccumulative nature and ubiquitous exposure from multiple sources.
In response, a spokesperson for Tesco stated that the company takes product safety seriously and that the tested products and their packaging comply with relevant UK and EU legislation. They added that the products tested were below EU legal limits for PFAS and that Tesco is working with suppliers to meet incoming EU legislation for food packaging.
The UK government has acknowledged the challenge posed by 'forever chemicals.' Environment minister Emma Hardy stated in February that the government's PFAS Plan aims to reduce their harmful effects and transition to safer alternatives, emphasizing the need to protect public health and the environment for future generations.