Ovaries undergo significant changes with age, becoming increasingly inflamed, scarred, and stiff, according to research by reproductive biologist Francesca Duncan. These alterations can affect egg quality and release, and may elevate the risk of diseases such as ovarian cancer.
Duncan's findings suggest that the ovary, much like other organs such as the heart, lungs, and liver, exhibits increased fibrosis, or scarring, over time. She posits that studying the ovary could unlock broader understanding of aging processes across the body by identifying shared biological mechanisms. "By comparing the ovary to these other organ systems, we could potentially really understand what’s happening and find shared mechanisms," Duncan stated.
In a study published in April 2026, Duncan's team observed that post-menopausal ovaries, previously considered inactive, become more scarred and inflamed. Duncan expressed surprise at this discovery, suggesting that these ovaries might emit inflammatory signals detrimental to health. "It highlights just how much we don’t know," she remarked, calling it a significant area for future research.
Duncan's lab is currently developing an ultrasound test designed to measure ovarian stiffness. This test could serve as a biomarker for aging and ovarian health, and potentially predict the success rates of fertility treatments like in-vitro fertilization.
Building on these findings, researchers in China published a study in February 2026 exploring the use of an existing anti-fibrotic drug. Their work indicated that the drug could enhance ovarian function in mice, with potential applications for human health. The research suggested the drug might restore fertility in women experiencing primary ovarian insufficiency, a condition where ovaries cease functioning normally before age 40.
Earlier in her career, Duncan identified a decline in cohesin proteins with age, which is linked to chromosomal instability. In Germany, scientists are now investigating therapeutic methods to replenish these proteins in the ovary, aiming to improve fertility.
While the full extent of the ovary's connection to health span remains under investigation, the field of aging research has increasingly recognized its importance. Duncan recalled attending a 2013 aging biology program where her focus on the ovary was met with skepticism, a stark contrast to the current scientific landscape. "That was really the attitude for many years," she said, "But not anymore."