A recent study has indicated a potential link between high coffee consumption and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in older, postmenopausal women. The research, published in the journal Nutrients by scientists at Flinders University, analyzed the dietary habits and bone health of 9,704 women aged 65 and older over a decade.
Participants' BMD was measured at the femoral neck and hip, common sites for osteoporosis-related fractures. The study found that while moderate coffee intake, defined as two to three cups per day, showed no negative association with bone health, consuming more than five cups daily was linked to lower BMD. Conversely, drinking tea was associated with higher total hip BMD.
Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low BMD, poses a significant global health challenge. According to the study, approximately one in three women and one in five men aged 50 and older worldwide experience fractures due to osteoporosis. Women are particularly vulnerable due to generally lower bone mass and accelerated bone loss after menopause. Projections suggest that in the U.S., the number of adults aged 50 and older with low BMD could increase by 17.2 million by 2030, escalating healthcare costs and long-term disability.
The study also noted that dietary factors play a crucial role in bone health. Researchers identified that coffee consumption was associated with lower femoral neck BMD among women with higher alcohol intake. The positive effect of tea on bone density was more pronounced in women with obesity.
Researchers highlighted that compounds called catechins, abundant in tea, may help promote bone formation and slow bone breakdown. While caffeine in coffee has been shown in laboratory studies to interfere with calcium absorption, these effects are considered small and can potentially be offset by adding milk. "Our results don't mean you need to give up coffee or start drinking tea by the gallon," said study co-author Ryan Liu. "But they do suggest that moderate tea consumption could be one simple way to support bone health, and that very high coffee intake might not be ideal, especially for women who drink alcohol."
Preventative measures for bone health include consuming calcium-rich foods, ensuring adequate vitamin D intake, and engaging in regular weight-bearing and strength-training exercises. Balance exercises are also recommended to reduce the risk of falls and fractures. Symptoms of early bone loss can include back pain, a loss of height over time, and a stooped posture.