The dazzling displays of Fourth of July fireworks, a long-standing tradition, can release nearly 300 million pounds of smoke into the U.S. atmosphere annually, posing significant health risks, particularly to the respiratory system, experts warn.
The smoke contains fine particles and gases such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, which can irritate the lungs and make breathing difficult. The American Lung Association notes that some illegal fireworks may also contain lead, which is considered extremely dangerous and can cause lasting health damage.
According to a 2015 study, air pollution levels increase by an average of 42% on the Fourth of July due to fireworks. This can worsen symptoms and trigger flare-ups for individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The American Lung Association highlights that fine particle pollution from fireworks has also been linked to more severe health outcomes, including heart attacks, stroke, lung cancer, and premature death. Certain groups are considered especially vulnerable, including children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing lung and heart conditions.
Dr. Afif El-Hasan, a member of the Lung Association’s board of directors, advises high-risk individuals to watch fireworks from a distance. He suggests that those with asthma should keep their rescue inhaler readily accessible. Wearing a well-fitting N95 mask can also help mitigate exposure to smoke and debris.
"If you are familiar with the area and the wind patterns, try to be upwind from the fireworks display and avoid areas where smoke may accumulate," El-Hasan stated. He also recommends attending fireworks events with others for support in case of a medical emergency.
Preventative measures before attending a show include taking prescribed medication. El-Hasan also suggests parking close to an event for a quick departure if needed. After the display, drinking water can help clear the upper airway, and changing and washing clothes can prevent smoke particles from settling in the home. Immediate medical attention should be sought for shortness of breath or chest pain.