A lively debate is unfolding online regarding the frequency with which bath towels should be washed. Cleaning product experts and microbiologists suggest that towels should be laundered after just three uses to prevent the buildup of bacteria and mildew, a recommendation that contrasts with the habits of many consumers.
Experts assert that even when towels are hung properly to dry, they continue to accumulate skin cells, body oils, and moisture, creating an environment conducive to germ multiplication. Sacha Dunn, founder and CEO of Common Good, emphasized that towels can become breeding grounds for bacteria and mildew, regardless of whether they appear or smell dirty. She advises washing towels sooner if they do not dry completely or begin to emit an odor.
Hand towels, due to their more frequent use and potentially less drying time, should be washed even more often, according to experts, ideally after just two days. Rechelle Balanzat, founder and CEO of the cleaning service Juliette, noted that individuals who sweat heavily, or those with sensitive skin or allergies, should increase washing frequency due to the accumulation of sweat and bacteria.
Despite these expert recommendations, many online commentators express doubt about the necessity of such frequent washing. Some users shared that they wash towels on an "as needed" basis, with others stating they use a towel for at least a week. One common sentiment is that showering is intended to make a person clean, implying the towel should not require frequent washing.
However, the scientific perspective supports more frequent laundering. New York University microbiologist Dr. Philip Tierno has previously stated that "a damp towel is growing," referring to microbial activity. He also highlighted the risks associated with sharing towels, which can lead to the transfer of unfamiliar organisms that may cause skin issues like pimples or infections. Doctors at Houston Methodist also recommend washing towels after three uses to eliminate germs that can persist on fabric for weeks, even after drying.
Further research from a 2023 study published in Scientific Reports by researchers from the Kao Corporation in Japan indicated that even regularly washed towels can develop dullness and harbor hidden bacterial communities. While these identified germs, such as Sphingomonas and Brevundimonas, were not always harmful to humans, they contributed to a decline in the towel's softness and appearance over several months.
For those seeking to combat odors and bacteria, Balanzat suggests adding a cup of white vinegar to the wash cycle and using hot water when cleaning towels.