A recent study indicates that growing up with cats, particularly between the ages of 4 and 5, may be associated with an increased risk of mental health problems in children later on. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 2,000 mother-child pairs in Spain, examining behavioral questionnaires completed by mothers when children were between 7 and 8 years old. These questionnaires assessed issues such as fear, worry, nervousness, disobedience, hyperactivity, and difficulties with peer relationships, categorizing them into internalizing (emotional and peer problems) and externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) issues.
The findings suggest that children who had a cat at age 4-5 showed a higher risk for both internalizing problems, linked to depression and anxiety, and externalizing problems, which can lead to difficulties in social interactions and work later in life. This association was not observed in children who had a cat at age 1.
Other Pets Show Protective Effects
In contrast, children who had less common pets, such as rabbits, hamsters, fish, turtles, and salamanders, at ages 1 and 4-5, exhibited fewer internalizing problems by age 7-8. This suggests that these types of pets may have a protective effect against the development of both internalizing and externalizing issues.
Dogs and birds did not show a significant impact on children's mental health in the study. IMAGE2
Potential Explanations for Cat Association
Researchers theorize that cats might differ from other pets due to their behavior and the circumstances of their adoption. They note that cats can be perceived as less affectionate, exhibit avoidant attachment, and are sometimes chosen by families with children already experiencing mental health conditions because they require less maintenance. However, the study authors emphasize that this research does not prove causation; the mental health issues might have predated the cat's arrival in the household. Additionally, the effects may not be fully apparent by age 7-8, as psychological traits influenced by pets continue to develop into adolescence.
It is important to note that other studies have presented a more positive view of cats' impact on children's mental health. For instance, a 2021 study found that children with autism spectrum disorder showed improved empathy, reduced separation anxiety, and fewer externalizing behaviors after adopting a cat. Another study indicated a stronger attachment to a cat was associated with a higher quality of life for adolescents.