Millions of Britons are preparing for a severe 'pollen bomb' this week, with forecasts predicting soaring temperatures that will trigger widespread hay fever symptoms. Forecasters anticipate temperatures could reach 38C (100.4F) in parts of the United Kingdom on Wednesday and Thursday. If realized, this would surpass the current UK June record of 35.6C (96.1F) and mark the hottest spell ever recorded for the month.
The anticipated high pollen levels are expected to cause significant discomfort for the UK's 13 million hay fever sufferers. The Met Office forecasts 'very high' pollen counts as the extreme heat causes trees, grasses, and weeds to release large quantities of allergy-inducing particles into the atmosphere. Experts attribute this phenomenon, known as a 'pollen bomb,' to the year's 'stop-start' weather patterns.
Normally, pollen from trees and grasses are released at different times. However, fluctuating weather conditions are believed to have caused these seasons to overlap, leading to a simultaneous release of pollen. This overlap is predicted to result in high concentrations of airborne pollen, increasing the likelihood of allergic reactions affecting the eyes, nose, throat, and mouth.
NHS England has reported a significant increase in visits to its website for hay fever advice. From June 14 to 17, during which temperatures began to rise, the NHS hay fever page received 12,990 visits, a 131% increase compared to the 5,632 visits recorded the previous week. This surge in interest reflects growing concern among allergy sufferers about the approaching heat dome.
Hay fever, an incurable allergic condition typically managed with antihistamines, can manifest in symptoms such as severe headaches, extreme fatigue, sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion or runny nose, itchy eyes, and sore throats. The NHS notes that hay fever symptoms are typically most severe between March and September, particularly during warm, humid, and windy conditions, which coincide with the highest pollen counts.
Seasonal Pollen Patterns Disrupted
Traditionally, tree pollen is released from late March to mid-May, followed by grass pollen until July, and then weed pollen continues until September. However, unusual weather patterns this year have disrupted this typical cycle. Alastair Culham, curator of the University of Reading's herbarium, explained that both tree and grass pollen are currently at very high levels simultaneously.
Culham noted that while not all sufferers are allergic to both tree and grass pollen, those who are may experience particularly debilitating symptoms. He described his own experience this year as the worst hay fever he has encountered in seven to eight years.
The disruption is thought to stem from a warm, dry spring followed by a colder, wetter period in recent weeks. This sequence caused a delay in tree flowering but promoted significant grass growth, leading to more flowers and, consequently, more pollen production.
A Met Office spokesperson indicated that recent warm, dry conditions with light winds are ideal for pollen release and dispersal. The lack of rainfall means pollen is not being washed out of the air, potentially intensifying symptoms. Warm, dry, and breezy days are generally considered the worst for hay fever sufferers, as they facilitate efficient pollen spread. Calm, dry days can also lead to high local concentrations of pollen.
Managing Symptoms
Previous studies suggest that up to one in five hay fever sufferers have taken time off work due to severe symptoms. Unlike a common cold, which usually resolves within a week or two, hay fever symptoms can persist for months.
Official NHS guidance offers several strategies to mitigate exposure and manage symptoms. Applying a thin layer of petroleum jelly around the nostrils can help trap pollen particles. Wearing wraparound sunglasses, a face mask, or a wide-brimmed hat can also reduce exposure. It is advisable to shower after spending time outdoors to wash off pollen and to keep windows and doors closed to prevent its entry into homes.
Other recommendations include vacuuming regularly, wiping down dusty surfaces, and avoiding activities that increase pollen contact, such as cutting grass or spending extended periods outdoors. Keeping fresh flowers indoors or drying clothes outside can also exacerbate symptoms.
Duncan Burton, chief nursing officer for England, advised caution regarding medication, particularly for those planning to drive. He recommended that individuals manage their symptoms with over-the-counter medications available from pharmacies and supermarkets, and utilize the NHS website for additional advice. However, he warned against doubling up on medication, which could cause drowsiness.
Pharmacists can also provide guidance on appropriate treatments, including antihistamines, nasal sprays, and eye drops.