Experts Evaluate 'Functional Gums' for Health Claims

The market for chewing gum has expanded beyond breath freshening to include 'functional gums' designed to deliver specific health benefits. These products aim to provide active ingredients through the lining of the mouth, offering a potentially faster absorption than traditional oral medications.

Pharmacist Sultan Dajani explains that mechanical release of compounds during chewing facilitates absorption through the mouth's lining, which can lead to a quicker onset of action compared to pills or capsules that must dissolve and be absorbed in the gut. This method also presents a convenient alternative for individuals who have difficulty swallowing pills.

However, the efficacy of these claims is being closely examined. For immunity, ZOHI Immunity Chewing Gum, which contains zinc and vitamin C, offers a moderate boost. Dajani notes that while the vitamin C content is adequate, the zinc levels would require consuming four pieces daily to meet the recommended intake. Crucially, he states that the doses found in such gums are insufficient for significantly impacting colds or flu, as studies showing benefits for cold duration require much higher daily zinc doses.

Heartburn and Indigestion Relief

Rennie's medicated chewing gum for heartburn and indigestion received a high rating. Dajani highlights that the act of chewing itself can aid heartburn relief by stimulating saliva production, which contains bicarbonate to neutralize acid. The gum's active ingredient, calcium carbonate, is a well-established acid neutralizer. The gum format delivers this ingredient gradually over 15 minutes, providing continuous relief. While effective for occasional symptoms, persistent issues warrant a doctor's consultation.

Dental Health and Fresh Breath

Oramarie Probiotic Chewing Gum claims to improve oral health with probiotic strains L. brevis and L. plantarum, which research suggests can reduce cavity-causing bacteria. Dentist Parveen Dehal acknowledges the growing evidence linking oral bacteria to broader health conditions like heart disease. However, she notes that the benefits cease when chewing stops, and the gum's high cost makes it a significant monthly expense. Dehal suggests that dietary choices and proper brushing techniques can also significantly impact oral health. For bad breath, CB12 Boost Strong Mint Chewing Gum utilizes zinc acetate to neutralize sulfur compounds, the cause of halitosis. Dehal also praises its high xylitol content, which aids in cavity prevention by reducing mouth acid and stimulating saliva.

Energy and Dental Strength

Lifeloop Energy+ Caffeine Gum provides 100mg of caffeine per piece, with absorption through the mouth lining leading to faster increases in blood caffeine levels compared to coffee. Dajani confirms robust evidence for caffeine gum's effectiveness in boosting alertness and performance, particularly when rapid energy is needed. He advises caution, however, noting that the recommended limit of four pieces daily must account for other caffeine sources to avoid side effects like anxiety and palpitations. The Anianhao Remineralizing Gum, containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP), aims to strengthen teeth. Dehal calls nHAP a promising ingredient for tooth enamel remineralization, but expresses reservations about its delivery via gum, citing thin evidence for this specific application. She also points out the presence of abrasive activated charcoal, which could counteract the benefits of nHAP, making the expensive product less ideal.

Smoking Cessation

Nicotinell Mint 4mg Medicated Chewing Gum is identified as a highly effective over-the-counter aid for smoking cessation. Dajani states it is the best-selling nicotine gum in UK pharmacies, backed by extensive research. The gum provides rapid relief from cravings by delivering nicotine through the mouth lining, offering a dual benefit of nicotine replacement and satisfying the oral habit. Potential side effects include indigestion and sleep disturbances, and some users may become dependent on the gum.